THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF SPORT TEXTS IN WASPADA NEWSPAPER

This study was conducted to describe the thematic structure in the news of Waspada Newspaper. The objectives of the study are 1) to describe the types of themes which are used in the sport texts of Waspada Newspaper and 2) to find the reasons why the structure of themes used in the ways they are. This study was conducted in descriptive qualitative design. The source of data was obtained from the clauses in sport texts of Waspada that consists of six sport texts. In analyzing the thematic structure, there are three kinds of theme: textual, interpersonal and ideational or topical. It was taken by applying documentary technique. The findings showed that unmarked multiple theme is the most dominant, unmarked simple theme is the second one Comparing with other themes, the marked multiple theme gets the third while the marked simple theme is the least dominant theme in sport texts of Waspada newspaper.


Introduction
Discourse analysis is the analysis of the language used by a speech community.There are certain elements of communication process.One of the elements is textual function in which human being able to use language in the process of interaction or organizing message that has relevant to context and concern with clause as message.That process used in communication or conversation.It can be seen in social media, online media such, magazine and even newspaper.Discourse is defined as a meaning that is realized in the sentence.Sentence is many units of language or linguistics form that is functional in contents.This means that a discussion on discourse is relate of the sentence.
Metafunction is a term use in functional grammar which refers to the users ways in this case human beings in using language.These ways categorized based on the purposes or goals used by the users so that producing difference meaning as well as exchanging meaning.In almost any instance of language use, there are three divisions of metafunctions that operate simultaneously in the expression of meaning which are able to use language to present, exchange, and organize experience.However metafunction is a tool for us to analyze what kind of language a speaker uses in order that there is mutual understanding in the situation involve.Halliday (1994:368) divides the metafunction into three functions, interpersonal, topical and textual functions.The interpersonal function concerns with enacting and distinguishing interpersonal relations.The topical function of language is concern with the communication and interlinking of ideas; it is divided into two terms call experiental and logical function.The textual (discoursal) function is the one where by language serves as means to create texts as oppose to merely isolate and disconnect sentences.In textual function, the recognizable internal structure (theme and rheme) are use to organize human experience.
Furthermore, Halliday and Matthiessen (2014) say that theme is coded by three element, they are topical, textual and interpersonal.The first element takes the transitivity system of topical function.The second element takes the interpesonal and the third takes the textual funtion of the sentence.One element in clause is enunciated as the Theme and then it is combine with Rheme as a remainder.
Theme is the element which serves of the point of the departure of the message.According to Halliday and Matthiessen (2014) says Theme is the element that serves as the point of departure of the message; it is that which locates and orients the clause within its context.It is functionally occupied by the first element of the transitivity system of a clause.It organizes the clause the message.Theme is follow by Rheme.Thus, Halliday and Matthiessen (2014) say that as a message structure, therefore, a clause consists of a Theme accompanied by a Rheme; and the structure is expressed by the order -whatever is chosen as the Theme is put first.So Rheme is the rest of the message of the clause.Thus, the rheme is where the clause moves after the point of the departure.The two parts together constitude a message.Textual itself was discussed broadly in other subdiscussions.
Seeing how important thematic structure to form the elements in delivering a message that is worth.The sport text of Waspada newspaper is chosen by research questions: What thematic structure patterns used by sport texts in Waspada newspaper are; and, Why thematic structure of sport texts in Waspada used in they way they are

Literature Review
Metafunction is the analysis of text and context functions.metafunction refers to the systemic functional linguistics created by Hallidayan theory whose publications along with a number of his colleagues.First published in 1985 and has gone on through numerous reprinting of the second edition, was published 1994.Metafunction means that language is functional.Halliday (1994: 179) describe metafunction as three types of meaning within grammatical structure of the clause.A clause is a unit in which three of different kinds are combined, namely ideational or experiential (clause as a representation), Interpersonal function (clause as an exchange) and Textual (clause as a message).
Textual function organized massage that has relevant to context (linguistics and social).A clause as a unit of message is constituted by Theme and Rheme (Saragih, 2007).Halliday (1985) points out the thematic structure are various structure which, when mapped onto each other, make up a clause, we shall consider first the one which gives the clause its character as a message.
Based on the above view, it can be elaborated that textual meaning express the relation of language to environment, including both the verbal environment what have been said or written before and also non-verbal, situational environment (context).These meaning are realized through pattern of theme and cohesion.Textual meaning is most centrally influenced by mode of discourse.This is known as thematic structure.Thematic structure is applied to the clause in all language.Furtherer, Halliday (1985) classifies thematic structures into two elements, they are theme and Rheme.Thus, it can be concluded the textual function is very important role in written text which means how to organize message.
Bo Wang (2014) had chosen one aspect only which is the textual metafunction.The researcher traced the development of SFL and its integration with translation studies.Some basic terms in SFL and Theme/Rheme analysis are also explained.Then, some of the existing studies involving thematic analysis and translation are reviewed.the finding is beneficial to link SFL and descriptive translation studies together, as SFL serves as a tool that relates linguistic choices to the sociocultural context systematically.Hasan (2015) has identified the thematic structure in translation of Edgar Allan Poets' the Black cat, The Tell-Tale Heart and Virginia Woolf's A Haunted House.The study aims at discussing the problems arising from the differences between English and Arabic in the degree of reliance on thematic structure.The study shows how markedness, topicalization and focus are considered as possible problemsof literary translation from English into Arabic.It is found that Markedness is used in Edgar Allan Poe's The Black Cat, The Tell-Tale Heart and Virginia Woolf's A Haunted House asa literary device.English literary texts and their Arabic translations differ in their manipulation of linguistically marked, topicalized and focus items.
Shanrndama and Panamah (2013) tried to investigate thematic structure and progression in business news report of selected Nigerian newspapers.analysis revealed that the themes of the clauses are mostly multiple because of the modification of the topical themes by either textual, interpersonal, prepositional phrase or adverbials.The result of the analysis of the thematic progression pattern showed that the linear and constant themes are prevalent in business news report, though the constant theme is the predominant.Sun (2014) tried to prove that analysing Theme Progression (TP) patterns is significant for understanding textual cohesion and structure.Based on systemic functional grammar's theory about TP patterns, this paper intends to explore the TP patterns of English and Chinese academic journal abstracts and a comparison between them is made as well.The research finds that different TP patterns are employed in English and Chinese journal abstracts.The implications of the research upon academic writing and discourse analysis and the limitations are discussed and future research is suggested.Damayanti (2016) studied the analyzes types of themes, theme equivalence, theme shifts in the Indonesian-English translation of thesis abstracts.The data consist of 10 thesis abstracts and their translation into English, taken from Postgraduate Program of Semarang State University from the last two years (2010)(2011).The result shows that topical theme dominates the entire texts at 80.16% (198 out of 247) in ST and 79.56% (222 out of 279) in TT.Interpersonal theme is not found both in ST and TT.Most topical themes are in participants, followed by circumstance and process.The textual theme in both texts is adjunct conjunctive.Most of the themes (70.2%) are considered as non-shift or equivalent.The theme shift occurred through three processes: (1) by changing the grammatical function within the theme (11.7%), ( 2) by adding more themes (14.7%) and ( 3) by deleting themes (3.4%).It is suggested for a translator to have complete mastery over the grammatical structure of both the SL and TL and also being aware of the notions and application of shifts and equivalence.

Research Method
In this research, descriptive method was conducted by the researcher.Descriptive design simply describes what is going on what data shows, since it focuses on the natural characteristics of the data.The data of the research consists of the research conducted documentary technique.In analyzing the data, the technique uses interactive model by Miles and Huberman (2014).They state that there are four steps which are used to analyze the data, namely: data collection, data condensation, data display and drawing conclusion or verification.1) Data condensation refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting and or transforming.2) Data display refers to analysis activity.It means that a display is an organized, compressed assembly of information that allows conclusion drawing and action.Through display, it will help the researcher to understand what is happening and to do something -either analyze further or take action based on that understanding.3) Drawing conclusion /verification refers to stream of analysis activity in the beginning of the analysis, the qualitative analysis, the qualitative analyst interprets what things mean by noting pattern, explanation, causal flows and proposition.It means that the competent researcher holds these conclusions lightly, maintaining openness and skepticism but the conclusion are still there, vague at first, then increasingly explicit and grounded.

Finding
The data analysis of this study is concerned with Theme and Rheme found in sport texts of Waspada newspaper.They were taken from six sport texts in different editorial.After analyzing the data, it is found that the unmarked multiple theme become the most dominant theme used in Sport texts of Waspada Newspaper and unmarked simple theme is the second one.Comparing with other themes, the marked multiple theme gets the third while the marked simple theme is the least dominant theme in sport texts of Waspada newspaper.

Discussion
This section aims to discuss the research findings explained in the previous section.This research is tried to investigate the types of themes which are used in the sport texts of Waspada Newspaper and to find the reasons why the structure of themes are used in the ways they are.The detailed discussion about those problem are elaborated as follow: a.The uses of Theme and Rheme found in sport texts of Waspada newspaper Halliday (1985) states that in analyzing the thematic structure, there are three kinds of themes: textual, interpersonal and topical / ideational.The textual themes are analyzed through conjunctive and continuative, ideational Theme are further categorized as unmarked and marked.Unmarked theme are grammatical sentence subjects in declarative clauses and realized as simple and complex nominal group.The marked theme is further subcategorized into three types: circumstantial adjunct, subordinating clause and attributive clause.b.The reason for the theme and Rheme developed in the sport texts of Waspada newspaper The reason why Theme and Rheme developed is to have the potential developing information that flow in order to make the reader easily understand and enjoy the text.

Conclusions
The use of theme and rheme in the sport text of Waspada are for setting the thematic structure.Multiple theme is the characteristics of sport text in Waspada which is used dominantly that simple one.Moreover unmarked theme dominates the entire text in sport text of Waspada.Each of the clause begins with unmarked theme which is convey the most interesting information to attract the reader.